Study Guide: Food Security & Food Justice

Comprehensive Review for Science Bowl Competition

1. Activism and Food Justice | FRESHFARM FoodPrints

This document explores the concept of food justice activism through an interview with a food justice leader. It emphasizes that activism is about fighting for change and making a difference in communities.

Key Concepts:

Current Projects in Food Justice:

Corner Water Projects: Initiatives encouraging communities to consume more water for better health outcomes. Greenhouse Seedling Distribution: Starting seedlings in greenhouses and distributing them to school gardens and community gardens, eliminating cultivation challenges for recipients.

How Students Can Get Involved:

Students can contribute to food justice by paying attention to nutrition classes, visiting community gardens, discussing diet and health with family members, joining green clubs and cooking clubs, and working with community organizations. Success requires both brain and body functioning at 100%, which depends on eating healthy foods.

2. Food Justice: The Importance of Access and Equity in our Food System

This document features an interview with a farmer and food justice advocate who discusses the transformation needed in food systems to eliminate disparities. The content emphasizes that food justice is an active movement requiring dismantling of social injustices.

Food Justice as Transformation:

Small Farmers vs. Corporate Agriculture:

Since the Industrial Revolution, large-scale corporate farms have prioritized capitalism and exploitation over consumer needs. In contrast, small farmers build direct one-on-one relationships with consumers, asking what they want and need. This creates a symbiotic relationship where consumers feel like part of the farm.

Supporting Small Farmers:

Consumers can support sustainable food systems by visiting farms, attending farmers' markets, purchasing food online, and participating in Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs. Site visits allow customers to see exactly where their food is grown.

Farm Demographics: In New York State, out of 57,000 farmers, only 139 are Black, highlighting the need for equity in agricultural policy.

The Farm Bill:

Revised every 5-7 years (last in 2018), the Farm Bill addresses farming, food industry issues, and consumer needs. Key components include:

Taking Action:

Future generations can get involved by questioning where school food comes from, understanding food labeling, demanding that supermarkets support local farmers, and using collective consumer power to drive policy changes. Acting locally creates meaningful change.

3. What Is Food Insecurity?

This document, presented by a plant scientist and farm owner, explores food insecurity through the lens of business development and community change. It emphasizes that addressing food inequity requires understanding why people are hungry, not just feeding them.

Core Principles:

Business Model for Food Justice:

Rather than creating another nonprofit, some communities benefit more from businesses that provide economic development and green space. Production farms can serve as agritourism destinations serving restaurants, community members, and institutions while contributing food equity, economic investment, nutrition education, and employment.

Root Causes Approach:

When addressing food inequity, we must zoom out and ask why people are hungry rather than just providing food. Historically, food banks and nonprofits have addressed symptoms without tackling root causes. Collaboration and partnership across sectors create networks for impactful community change.

Key Insight:

The transformation of food systems requires a network of people, professions, and resources. Transformative measures are needed to make healthy food secure and equitable for all, not just charitable interventions.

4. Food Justice: The Fight for Access and Fairness | City Works

This comprehensive document examines food justice policy, economic factors, and community organizing. It introduces critical concepts like food apartheid and explores policy solutions including universal free school meals and public supermarkets.

Economic Crisis: Grocery prices spiked 32% across the U.S. in six years. In some cities, the cost of eating soared over 50% in the past decade.

Food Apartheid vs. Food Deserts:

The term "food deserts" is outdated because it suggests a naturally occurring phenomenon. Food apartheid more accurately describes systemic discrimination rooted in policy and economic greed that impacts food choices. Food swamps describe areas with abundant fast food but limited healthy options.

Food insecurity is most severe among lower-income, female-headed, Black, Latino, and immigrant households.

SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program):

SNAP Challenges:

Universal Free School Meals:

Major victories in food justice include achieving universal free school meals, which provide:

Public Supermarkets:

Proposed solution: city-owned groceries operating like military commissaries, offering food at cost without siphoning profits to shareholders. The private market alone is not solving affordable grocery store access problems.

5. The Shocking Truth About Food Insecurity (TEDx Talk)

A registered dietitian shares personal transformation from harboring misconceptions about poverty to becoming a food pantry president. The talk emphasizes dismantling stigma surrounding food assistance programs.

National Impact: 1 in 5 children in the United States experience food insecurity. Nearly 50 million people are impacted by food insecurity daily.

Misconceptions About Poverty:

Reality vs. Misconceptions:

The Stigma Crisis:

Social stigma prevents many who qualify for food assistance from using programs due to internalized shame. People shop at night or across town to avoid recognition.

Reframing the Narrative:

Food assistance is a hand up, not a hand out. To win the war on hunger, we must shift how we talk about, treat, and view poverty and food assistance. People should be proud of using assistance programs and speak about how they transformed lives.

6. Food Security | Ecology & Environment | Biology

Global Paradox: Enough food is grown to feed all 7 billion people on Earth, yet around 795 million people (1 in 9) don't eat enough to maintain good health.

Defining Food Security:

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for an active and healthy life.

Major Challenges:

1. Population Growth:

2. Changing Diets:

3. Climate Change:

4. Conflict:

7. Food Justice (Community Organizing)

Health Equity Definition:

Health equity means ensuring people have access to food that is healthy, affordable, sustainable, and culturally relevant.

COVID-19 Impact:

The pandemic worsened existing food insecurity, forcing people to put themselves at risk to feed families. Families work 2-3 jobs or face choices between paying rent and buying food.

Social Determinants of Health:

8. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021

COVID-19 Impact:

Child Malnutrition (2020):

Cost Barrier:

High costs combined with income inequality made healthy diets too expensive for around 3 billion people in 2019.

Path Forward:

Food systems transformations focused on fostering resilience can provide affordable, healthy, and sustainable diets. Six transformation pathways can help end hunger and malnutrition.

9. What is Food Security?

Core Definition:

Food security is when all people have regular access to enough nutritious food to lead healthy and active lives. The key word is access.

How People Access Food:

Improving Food Security:

Summary: Cross-Cutting Themes

1. Access is Central

Food security fundamentally depends on access—both physical and economic. Simply producing enough food globally is insufficient if people cannot access it.

2. Systemic Transformation Required

Food justice requires transforming entire systems, not just providing charity. This includes dismantling discriminatory policies, addressing root causes, and building equitable economic structures.

3. Multiple Intersecting Factors

Food insecurity results from complex interactions between climate change, economic inequality, conflict, policy decisions, housing stability, and social determinants of health.

4. Stigma as Barrier

Social stigma surrounding food assistance prevents many who qualify from accessing help. Most poverty is situational, not generational, yet misconceptions persist.

5. Policy Matters

Government policies like the Farm Bill, SNAP, and universal school meals directly impact millions. Advocacy and civic engagement are essential tools for change.

6. Local Action, Global Impact

While food insecurity is a global problem, meaningful change often starts with local community action, coalition building, and direct relationships between producers and consumers.

7. Next Generation Focus

Young people can contribute through education, activism, supporting local farmers, questioning food sources, and dismantling stigma in their communities.